Pharyngealization is a secondary articulation of consonants or vowels by which the pharynx or epiglottis is constricted during the articulation of the sound. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, pharyngealization can be indicated by one of two methods:#A tilde or swung dash through the letter indicates either velarization or pharyngealization, as in ("dark l", the pharyngealized equivalent of ), orThe symbol (a superscript voiced pharyngeal fricative or reversed glottal stop) after the letter… (More on Pharyngealized)