Events Manuel I Comnenus becomes Byzantine Emperor. September 26 — Pope Celestine II succeeds Pope Innocent II as the 165th pope. October 5 — Treaty of Zamora: Portugal is recognized by the Kingdom of Leon as an independent kingdom, although it has functioned as one since the Battle of São Mamede. Robert of Ketton makes the first European translation of the Qur'an into Latin. The exploration of the uncharted eastern parts of Germany begins, and results in the founding… (More on 1143)