Shanyu (Archaic Chinese: dar wa;, transliterated Chanyu, the pronunciation in modern Mandarin. It is also sometimes transliterated Shanyu, supposedly because the initial consonant was sh. According to the Guoyu cidian, the pronunciation is Chanyu, with no special literary reading. This was the title used by the rulers of the Xiongnu Luanti clan during the Qin and Han dynasties. Literally, the full phrase in which Chanyu is used means "son of endless sky", clearly an epithet for a ruler, just as… (More on Shanyu)