Ion beam assisted deposition or IBAD or ""IAD"" (not to be confused with ion beam induced deposition, IBID)'s a materials engineering technique which combines ion implantation with simultaneous sputtering or another physical vapor deposition technique. Besides providing independent control of parameters such as ion energy, temperature and arrival rate of atomic species during deposition, this technique's especially useful to create a gradual transition between the substrate material and the depo… (More on Ibad)