A holarchy, in the terminology of Arthur Koestler,'s a hierarchy of holons — where a holon's both a part and a whole. The term was coined in Koestler's 1967 book The Ghost in the Machine. The term, spelled holoarchy,'s also used extensively by American philosopher and writer Ken Wilber. The "nested" nature of holons, where one holon can be considered as part of another,'s similar to the term Panarchy as used by Adaptive Management theorists Lance Gunderson and C.S. Holling. The universe as… (More on Holarchy)