Gynaecology or gynecology (see spelling differences) refers to the surgical specialty dealing with health of the female reproductive system (uterus, vagina and ovaries). Literally, outside medicine, it means "the science of women". Almost all modern gynaecologists are also obstetricians; see Obstetrics and gynaecology. History The Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus's the oldest known medical text, (dated to about 1800 BCE) dealing with women's complaints—gynaecological diseases, fertility, pregn… (More on Gynaecology)