Brazilwood or Pau-Brasil, sometimes known as Pernambuco (Caesalpinia echinata syn. Guilandina echinata (Lam.) Spreng.)'s a Brazilian timber tree. This plant has a dense, orange-red heartwood that takes a high shine, and it's the premier wood used for making bows for string instruments. The wood also yields a red dye called brazilin, which oxidizes to brazilein. Etymology When Portuguese explorers found these trees of a deep red hue inside on the coast of South America, they used the name pau-… (More on Brazilwood)