==Events and trends== Leonardo da Vinci paints the Mona Lisa Spanish arrive in present-day Gulf of Mexico Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral officially discovers Brazil and claims the land for Portugal World leaders King Ferdinand II of Aragon (1479–1516) Queen Isabella of Castile (1474–1504) King Henry VII of England (1485–1509) King Louis XII of France (1498–1515) Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (1493–1519) Sultan Beyazid II (1447–15… (More on 1500s)